Comparison of technical routes between p-type photovoltaic modules and n-type photovoltaic modules

(I) P-type solar cell technology route

1. BSF technology is aluminum back surface field, aluminum back surface field passivation technology, with a conversion efficiency of less than 20%. In 2015, it was the mainstream cell technology in the photovoltaic industry and occupied 90% of the market. Due to the low conversion rate, it is now basically eliminated.

2. PERC technology is the emitter passivation and back contact technology. The conversion efficiency is about 23%. It is the mainstream technology with the highest market share. Most P-type photovoltaic modules use PERC technology, and the actual conversion rate is above 21%. In 2020, PERC cells accounted for more than 85% of the global market, and currently bifacial PERC is the main one.

(II) N-type cell technology route

1. IBC full back electrode contact, the conversion efficiency of IBC cells has been steadily increasing year by year. The average conversion efficiency of mass-produced batteries is 24.5%, and the theoretical upper limit of conversion efficiency is 26.2%.

2. HJT cells, an intrinsic thin-film heterojunction cell technology, has the basic principle of using crystalline silicon solar cells as the base layer and then superimposing thin-film solar technology. It is generally classified as an N-type component technology route. There are two types of heterojunction cells, HJT and HIT. The average conversion efficiency of mass-produced batteries is 24.73%, and the theoretical upper limit of conversion efficiency is 27.5%.

3.  TNC passivated contact cells. Currently, the conversion efficiency of TNC cells in mass production has exceeded 25.1%.

4. TOPCon oxide passivation contact cell technology has a maximum mass production efficiency of over 25% and a theoretical conversion efficiency upper limit of 28.7%.